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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Related Experiment Video

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The C-seal: A Biofragmentable Drain Protecting the Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis from Leakage
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Small Bowel and Colorectal Carcinoids.

Raphael M Byrne1, Rodney F Pommier2

  • 1Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
|September 7, 2018
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Summary

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including carcinoid tumors, are rare but increasing. Surgery is preferred for operable NETs, while metastatic disease has diverse treatment options.

Keywords:
appendiceal NETcarcinoid tumorscolorectal NETjejunoileal NETneuroendocrine tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including carcinoid tumors, originate from the midgut and hindgut.
  • While rare, the incidence of these tumors is rising globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the current treatment strategies for neuroendocrine tumors.
  • To discuss the management of both operable and metastatic NETs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging therapeutic modalities for NETs.
  • Surgical resection as the primary treatment for resectable disease.

Main Results:

  • Surgery is the principal treatment for patients with operable neuroendocrine tumors.
  • Metastatic NETs can be managed with cytoreductive surgery, somatostatin analogues, interferon α, local therapies, chemotherapy, Peptide-Receptor Radionucleotide Radiotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, and mTOR inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment decisions for NETs depend on resectability and metastatic status.
  • A multimodal approach is often necessary for effective management of advanced neuroendocrine tumors.