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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Predicting Fluency With Language Proficiency, Working Memory, and Directionality in Simultaneous Interpreting.

Yumeng Lin1, Qianxi Lv1, Junying Liang1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|September 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) significantly impacts simultaneous interpreting (SI) fluency, more than language skills. This study found WM is the key predictor of fluency in both Chinese-English and English-Chinese interpreting directions.

Keywords:
directionalityfluencylanguage proficiencysimultaneous interpretingworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Translation Studies

Background:

  • Simultaneous interpreting (SI) is a demanding cognitive task.
  • Fluency, marked by fewer disfluencies (hesitations, repetitions), is a key SI quality indicator.
  • Working memory (WM) and language proficiency are hypothesized to influence SI fluency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of WM and language proficiency in SI fluency.
  • To identify factors predicting fluency across different interpreting directions (Chinese-English, English-Chinese).

Main Methods:

  • 22 interpreting students completed WM and language proficiency tests.
  • Participants performed Chinese-English and English-Chinese SI tasks.
  • Fluency was assessed using five objective disfluency indicators.
  • Regression analysis modeled the relationship between predictors and fluency.

Main Results:

  • Working memory (WM) significantly predicted fluency in both interpreting directions.
  • WM accounted for 50% (Chinese-English) and 51% (English-Chinese) of the variation in disfluencies.
  • Language proficiency and directionality also affected fluency, but WM was the primary predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory capability is more critical for fluent simultaneous interpreting than language proficiency.
  • Interpreting performance is generally more fluent when translating into the native language.
  • Findings clarify the cognitive underpinnings of SI fluency.