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Developmental Programming of Capuchin Monkey Adrenal Dysfunction by Gestational Chronodisruption.

Hans G Richter1, Natalia Mendez1, Lorena Abarzua-Catalan2

  • 1Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.

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|September 7, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal constant light exposure in capuchin monkeys alters newborn adrenal function, increasing cortisol and decreasing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS). By 10 months, compensatory adrenal mechanisms restore normal cortisol response.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Maternal exposure to constant light during gestation in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) leads to precocious fetal adrenal maturation and elevated newborn cortisol.
  • This study investigates the long-term effects of this prenatal light exposure on adrenal function programming in infant nonhuman primates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of maternal constant light exposure on adrenal steroidogenesis and ACTH responsiveness in newborn and infant capuchin monkeys.
  • To identify compensatory mechanisms in the adrenal gland that may normalize hormone production during development.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and cortisol levels and their response to ACTH stimulation in infants.
  • Measured in vitro adrenal response to ACTH, adrenal weight, and expression of steroidogenic factors (StAR, 3β-HSD).
  • Compared infants from mothers exposed to constant light with those from control conditions at one and 10 months of age.

Main Results:

  • One-month-old infants showed higher cortisol and lower DHAS levels and responses to ACTH compared to controls.
  • At 10 months, DHAS levels approached control values, and cortisol response to ACTH normalized.
  • Adrenal glands exhibited increased weight but reduced expression of StAR and 3β-HSD, with diminished in vitro steroidogenic capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal light exposure induces significant alterations in adrenal function during early development in capuchin monkeys.
  • Compensatory mechanisms, including adrenal hypertrophy and altered gene expression, emerge to normalize cortisol production by 10 months of age.
  • These findings highlight the adrenal gland's capacity to adapt and restore hormonal homeostasis despite early-life stress.