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Prevalence of malocclusion in children with obstructive sleep apnoea

Angela Galeotti1, Paola Festa1, Valeria Viarani1

  • 1Dentistry Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|September 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have a high prevalence of malocclusions, particularly posterior crossbite and overjet/overbite issues. Early orthodontic evaluation is crucial for screening paediatric OSA.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in children.
  • Malocclusions, or dental irregularities, are common in pediatric populations.
  • The relationship between malocclusion and OSA in children requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of malocclusions in children aged 2-10 years with OSA.
  • To assess the association between specific occlusal variables and the presence of OSA in children.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 139 children diagnosed with OSA was compared to 137 control children.
  • Orthodontic examinations recorded primary canine relationship, posterior crossbite, overjet, and overbite.
  • Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, identified factors associated with OSA.

Main Results:

  • Children with OSA exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusions (89.9%) compared to controls (60.6%).
  • Posterior crossbite (OR=3.38), reduced overbite (OR=2.43), increased overbite (OR=2.19), and increased overjet (OR=4.25) were independently associated with OSA.
  • These occlusal features were significant predictors when comparing children with and without OSA.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence of malocclusion exists in children suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea.
  • Specific malocclusions, including posterior crossbite and variations in overjet and overbite, are significantly linked to OSA.
  • Orthodontic assessment is vital for identifying children who may benefit from OSA screening.
Abstract

Keywords:
childmalocclusionobstructive sleep apnoeaprevalencesleep disorders

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