[Meckel's diverticulum : state of the art]

Area of Science:

• Embryology
• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Pathology

Background:

• The embryonic vitelline duct, crucial for fetal nutrient supply, normally obliterates after birth.
• Failure of complete obliteration results in a spectrum of omphalomesenteric duct anomalies.
• Meckel's diverticulum is the most prevalent anomaly, affecting 2-3% of the population.

Observation:

• Conventional diagnostic methods like abdominal CT and endoscopy have limited efficacy for Meckel's diverticulum.
• Omphalomesenteric duct anomalies present with diverse clinical manifestations depending on the remnant's characteristics.
• Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management and prevention of complications.

Findings:

• Laparoscopic exploration offers superior diagnostic accuracy for Meckel's diverticulum.
• Surgical intervention via laparoscopy allows for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment.
• Early detection and management are crucial for preventing complications such as obstruction or bleeding.

Implications:

• Improved diagnostic strategies for omphalomesenteric duct anomalies are needed.
• Laparoscopic surgery represents the gold standard for managing Meckel's diverticulum.
• Understanding the embryological basis aids in recognizing and treating these congenital abnormalities.