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Related Concept Videos

Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

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When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
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Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer02:57

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Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
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Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
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Pressure of Fluids01:14

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There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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A system under pressure.

Ed Smith1, Sunil Dasan2

  • 1Consultant, Emergency Department, Scarborough Hospital, Scarborough YO12 6QL.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|September 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emergency departments face increasing patient numbers and acuity, straining clinicians. This article examines the impact on emergency medicine staff and explores workforce sustainability strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Healthcare Workforce Studies
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emergency medicine activity and clinician pressure are escalating annually.
  • UK emergency departments recorded over 18.6 million attendances in 2016-17.
  • Increasing patient numbers, age, acuity, and crowding are impacting emergency care performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the impact of escalating pressures on emergency department staff.
  • To explore potential strategies for workforce sustainability in emergency medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of the impact of increased workload on emergency clinicians.
  • Exploratory review of existing and future workforce sustainability models.

Main Results:

  • Significant pressure on emergency medicine clinicians due to rising attendances and patient complexity.
  • Deterioration of emergency care performance metrics linked to system strain.
  • Identified need for proactive strategies to ensure workforce well-being and retention.

Conclusions:

  • The current trajectory of emergency medicine presents substantial challenges to staff.
  • Developing sustainable workforce models is critical for maintaining emergency care quality.
  • Further research and policy development are needed to address staff pressures and ensure long-term service viability.