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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM

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Published on: December 31, 2012

Evaporation Mass Flux: A Predictive Model and Experiments.

Parham Jafari¹, Ali Masoudi¹, Peyman Irajizad¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|September 7, 2018

Summary

A new predictive model for evaporation, based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics, eliminates fitting parameters. This breakthrough accurately predicts evaporation mass flux using only interfacial temperatures and vapor pressure.

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Area of Science:

Thermodynamics
Fluid Dynamics
Phase Change Phenomena

Background:

Evaporation is crucial across diverse fields like power generation, desalination, and biosciences.
Existing evaporation theories lack accuracy due to empirical fitting coefficients with wide variations.
This deficiency hinders precise simulation and prediction in critical engineering and scientific systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a physically-based, predictive model for planar liquid-vapor interface evaporation.
To overcome limitations of current models by removing empirical fitting parameters.
To establish a foundation for accurate modeling of phase change processes.

Main Methods:

Utilized a custom-designed, automated experimental setup for controlled evaporation studies.
Accurately measured thermodynamic properties in liquid, vapor, and near-interfacial regions.
Analyzed data across a range of evaporation mass fluxes to derive model parameters.

Main Results:

Developed a predictive evaporation model grounded in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.
The model requires only interfacial liquid and vapor temperatures and vapor pressure as inputs.
Achieved accurate prediction of evaporation mass flux without any fitting coefficients.

Conclusions:

The developed model offers a significant advancement in understanding and predicting evaporation.
Validated against independent research, demonstrating its robustness and general applicability.
Provides a foundational tool for diverse applications involving liquid-vapor phase change.