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Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy
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Micro-Refractometry and Local-Field Mapping with Single Molecules.

A V Naumov1,2, A A Gorshelev1, M G Gladush1,2

  • 1Institute for Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 108840 , Russia.

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|September 7, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to measure the local refractive index (n) in solid films using single dye molecules. This technique reveals significant fluctuations in local-field effects and effective refractive index values at the nanoscale.

Keywords:
Refractive indexlow temperaturepoint-spread functionsingle-molecule spectroscopyzero-phonon line

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optics

Background:

  • The refractive index (n) is a key material property, crucial for understanding light-matter interactions.
  • Its meaning at the nanoscale (below the wavelength of light) is challenging to define and measure.
  • Interest in nanoscale refractive index is growing due to applications in nanostructures and metamaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel experimental method for mapping the effective local refractive index (n) in solid films.
  • To analyze local-field enhancement effects at the nanoscale.
  • To investigate the spatial variations of the refractive index in solid matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing cryogenic temperature single-molecule spectroscopy and imaging.
  • Measuring fluorescence lifetime (T1) of dye molecules as a function of the local refractive index.
  • Achieving nanometer-scale localization of individual chromophores to map local (n) values.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a new approach for mapping local refractive index in a polycrystalline n-hexadecane film doped with terrylene.
  • Observed unexpectedly large fluctuations in local-field enhancement effects.
  • Measured effective local refractive index values ranging from 1.1 to 1.9.

Conclusions:

  • Single-molecule fluorescence lifetime measurements provide a viable method for determining local refractive index at the nanoscale.
  • Significant nanoscale variations in local refractive index and electromagnetic field effects exist even in seemingly uniform materials.
  • This technique opens new avenues for characterizing optical properties of materials at the nanometer scale.