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Loneliness predicts a preference for larger interpersonal distance within intimate space
Elliot A Layden1, John T Cacioppo1,2, Stephanie Cacioppo2,3
1Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
Plos One
|September 7, 2018
Summary
Loneliness signals a need for social connection but also self-preservation. This study found loneliness is associated with preferring larger personal space, supporting an evolutionary model of loneliness.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Loneliness is an adaptive signal for social connection.
- It may influence interpersonal distance preferences.
- Competing hypotheses exist regarding loneliness and personal space.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between loneliness and interpersonal distance.
- To distinguish between competing hypotheses on loneliness's effect on personal space.
- To test predictions from the evolutionary model of loneliness.
Main Methods:
- Two survey-based studies were conducted.
- Participants' preferences for interpersonal distance were assessed.
- Statistical analyses controlled for demographic and psychological variables.
Main Results:
- Loneliness significantly predicted a preference for larger interpersonal distance within intimate space.
- These findings were replicated across two studies.
- Mediation analyses ruled out social closeness as the primary explanation.
Conclusions:
- Loneliness is associated with increased preference for personal space.
- This supports the evolutionary model of loneliness, highlighting self-preservation motives.
- Loneliness may drive individuals to seek greater physical distance for protection.
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