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Brominating oxidants generated by human eosinophils.

S J Weiss, S T Test, C M Eckmann

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 10, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human eosinophils utilize bromide, not chloride, to generate toxic hypobromous acid. This discovery reveals a novel mechanism for eosinophils to combat pathogens and highlights bromide

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in host defense against helminthic parasites and inflammatory conditions.
    • These cells possess a unique lysosomal peroxidase capable of oxidizing halides to form reactive hypohalous acids.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the halide preference of human eosinophils during oxidant generation.
    • To elucidate the specific role of bromide in eosinophil-mediated immune responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Incubation of human eosinophils with various halides under physiological conditions.
    • Analysis of the generated oxidants using biochemical assays.
    • Assessment of the cytotoxic effects of eosinophil-derived oxidants on target cells.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Human eosinophils preferentially utilized bromide over chloride for oxidant production, despite lower in vivo concentrations of bromide.
    • Eosinophils generated hypobromous acid, a potent halogenating oxidant.
    • The generated hypobromous acid demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against prokaryotic and eukaryotic targets.

    Conclusions:

    • Human eosinophils employ bromide to generate hypobromous acid, an unusual but effective microbicidal agent.
    • This finding uncovers a previously unrecognized function for bromide in human immunity.
    • Eosinophil-derived hypobromous acid represents a significant component of the innate immune system's defense mechanisms.