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Global gray matter morphometry differences between children with reading disability, ADHD, and comorbid reading

Audreyana C Jagger-Rickels1, Michelle Y Kibby1, Jordan M Constance1

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Summary

This study identified shared and distinct brain structural differences in children with Reading Disability (RD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Findings suggest a neurobiological basis for comorbid RD/ADHD.

Keywords:
ADHDFrontal lobesMorphometryOccipital lobesReading disabilityReading disability/ADHDStriatumStructural neuroimagingThalamusVBM

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Extensive research details structural anomalies in Reading Disability (RD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) separately.
  • High comorbidity exists between RD and ADHD, yet shared morphometric patterns remain under-investigated.
  • No prior research has examined the morphometry of comorbid RD and ADHD (RD/ADHD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate shared and specific patterns of brain morphometry in children with RD, ADHD, and comorbid RD/ADHD.
  • To identify potential neurobiological substrates underlying the comorbidity of RD and ADHD.
  • To support or refine current theories on the etiology of RD/ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of MRI scans.
  • Inclusion of 106 children aged 8-12 years.
  • Comparison groups: RD, ADHD, RD/ADHD, and typically developing controls.

Main Results:

  • Shared morphometric differences were observed in the right caudate and superior frontal regions for both RD and ADHD.
  • Distinct regional differences were identified specific to RD and ADHD, aligning with existing etiological theories.
  • A potential neurobiological substrate for comorbid RD/ADHD was identified.

Conclusions:

  • The findings reveal both shared and specific neuroanatomical contributors to RD and ADHD.
  • The results support theories explaining the comorbidity of RD and ADHD.
  • This research provides a foundation for future investigations into the etiologies of RD/ADHD.