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Complemented Palindromic Small RNAs First Discovered from SARS Coronavirus.

Chang Liu1, Ze Chen2,3, Yue Hu4

  • 1Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. changliu@nankai.edu.cn.

Genes
|September 8, 2018
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Summary

Researchers discovered complemented palindromic small RNAs (cpsRNAs), a novel class of small RNAs. These cpsRNAs, like SARS-CoV-cpsR-19, may play a role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis.

Keywords:
DNA complemented palindromecomplemented palindromic small RNApalindromic small RNAsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirussmall RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Small RNAs play crucial roles in gene regulation and pathogenesis.
  • Palindromic structures within viral genomes are increasingly recognized for their functional significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of a novel class of small RNAs: complemented palindromic small RNAs (cpsRNAs).
  • To investigate the origin and potential function of a specific cpsRNA (SARS-CoV-cpsR-19) found in the SARS-CoV genome.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify DNA complemented palindromes in viral genomes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to trace the origin of identified DNA structures.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) experiments to assess the molecular function of identified small RNAs.

Main Results:

  • The first 19-nt cpsRNA, SARS-CoV-cpsR-19, was identified from a DNA complemented palindrome in the SARS-CoV genome.
  • Phylogenetic analysis indicated the DNA complemented palindrome originated from bat betacoronavirus.
  • RNAi experiments demonstrated that SARS-CoV-cpsR-19 significantly induced cell apoptosis, suggesting a role in SARS-CoV pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • cpsRNAs and palindromic small RNAs (psRNAs) constitute a novel class of small RNAs.
  • SARS-CoV-cpsR-19 may be involved in the infection or pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
  • The discovery of cpsRNAs offers new avenues for pathogen detection and understanding viral mechanisms, even when viruses are unavailable.