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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Arterial Hypertension.

Jens Jordan1, Christine Kurschat, Hannes Reuter

  • 1Institute of Aerospace Medicine (DLR) and Chair of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; Department II of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Diabetes and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Evangelisches Klinikum Köln Weyertal, Cologne; Department III of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; University Hypertension Center, University of Cologne, Germany.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|September 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential arterial hypertension, a major cardiovascular risk factor, affects many adults. Effective management involves lifestyle changes and first-line medications to control blood pressure and reduce risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Management

Background:

  • Essential arterial hypertension is a primary, treatable cardiovascular risk factor.
  • In Germany, a significant percentage of men (18%) and women (13%) have uncontrolled high blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mmHg).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current guidelines and evidence for diagnosing and managing arterial hypertension.
  • To outline recommended treatment strategies, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Selective literature search in PubMed for pertinent publications.
  • Review of current European guidelines on hypertension management.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of arterial hypertension requires repeated measurements (≥ 140/90 mmHg), confirmed by ambulatory or home monitoring.
  • Target blood pressure for all patients, including those with diabetes or renal failure, is <140/90 mmHg.
  • First-line treatments include lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation) and medications (calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, thiazide-like diuretics). Mineralocorticoid-receptor blockers are options for resistant hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Most patients with essential hypertension can achieve well-controlled blood pressure and reduced cardiovascular risk.
  • A combination of lifestyle interventions and first-line antihypertensive drugs is effective for managing hypertension.