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Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

Mismatch Repair

Mismatch Repair

Base Excision Repair

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

The DNA repair transcriptome in severe COPD.

Maor Sauler¹, Maxime Lamontagne², Eric Finnemore¹

¹Dept of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

The European Respiratory Journal

|September 8, 2018

Summary

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves inadequate DNA repair. This study identified 15 differentially expressed DNA repair genes in severe COPD, revealing distinct patient clusters and a downregulated nucleotide excision repair pathway.

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Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

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Published on: June 26, 2020

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

Inadequate DNA repair is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis.
The specific mechanisms of impaired DNA repair in COPD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify DNA repair genes and pathways associated with COPD severity using an integrative genomic approach.
To explore the transcriptomic landscape of DNA repair in severe COPD patients.

Main Methods:

Transcriptomic analysis of 419 DNA repair genes across three independent COPD cohorts (n=1129).
RNA sequencing, patient clustering using a 15-gene signature, and genome-wide transcriptomic analysis.
Gene set enrichment analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis to link DNA repair pathways to COPD severity.

Main Results:

Fifteen DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance genes were differentially expressed in severe COPD.
K-means clustering identified three COPD patient clusters with distinct clinical and transcriptomic profiles.
A significant downregulation of the nucleotide excision repair pathway correlated with increased COPD severity.

Conclusions:

Integrative genomic analysis reveals specific DNA repair gene expression patterns in severe COPD.
These findings highlight the role of DNA repair pathway dysregulation in COPD pathogenesis.
The identified 15-gene signature and pathway alterations may serve as biomarkers for COPD severity.