Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

Periodic Classification of the Elements

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...

Atomic Orbitals

Atomic Orbitals

An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Listeria survival dynamics on pears under real-world storage: effects of variety, production practice, storage, and decay.

Food microbiology·2026

Same author

Validation of sanitizer efficacy in commercial apple dump tanks using a Listeria monocytogenes surrogate.

Food microbiology·2026

Same author

Multi-omics-based characterization and differentiation of fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in high- and low-yielding laying hens.

Poultry science·2026

Same author

Regression-based model for predicting preterm birth using vaginal lactobacilli and routine clinical data.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026

Same author

SsPit2A/B Effectors from <i>Sporisorium scitamineum</i> Interact with the Sugarcane PLCP ScRD21A and Reduce ScRD21A-Associated Cysteine Protease Activity via a Conserved LXRR Motif.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Label-Free Fluorometric Split Aptasensor for the Specific Detection of Uric Acid from Xanthine and Hypoxanthine.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Toward the first quantum simulation with quantum speedup.

Andrew M Childs^1,2,3, Dmitri Maslov^2,3,4, Yunseong Nam^2,3,5

¹Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; amchilds@umd.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|September 8, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are developing practical quantum computing applications by simulating spin systems. They created efficient quantum circuits for simulation algorithms, making quantum computation more accessible for condensed matter physics.

Keywords:

quantum circuits quantum computing quantum simulation

More Related Videos

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Quantum Computing
Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Simulation

Background:

Advancements in quantum computing necessitate identifying practical problems solvable with near-term devices.
Quantum simulation of spin systems offers a pathway to understanding complex condensed matter phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify a practical quantum computing problem requiring minimal resources.
To synthesize and optimize quantum circuits for simulating spin systems.

Main Methods:

Exploration of quantum simulation algorithms for spin systems.
Circuit synthesis and optimization for quantum algorithms.
Error bound analysis and performance evaluation.

Main Results:

Quantum signal processing identified as optimal for guaranteed performance.
Higher-order product formulas favored for empirical error tolerance.
Developed quantum circuits significantly smaller than those for factoring or quantum chemistry.

Conclusions:

Optimized quantum circuits for spin system simulation are feasible with current quantum hardware.
This research advances practical quantum computation for condensed matter applications.