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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
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Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

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Radiotherapy for liver tumors.

Florence K Keane1,1, Shyam K Tanguturi1,1, Andrew X Zhu2,2

  • 1Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Brigham & Women's Hospital, ASB1 L2, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Hepatic Oncology
|September 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) offers a safe and effective treatment for unresectable liver cancer, including large tumors and those with venous thrombosis. This radiotherapy approach provides excellent outcomes and should be considered for patients ineligible for surgery or transplantation.

Keywords:
hepatocellular carcinomaproton therapyradiation therapyradiofrequency ablationstereotactic body radiotherapytransarterial chemoembolizationtumor venous thrombosisunresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary oncology
  • Radiation oncology
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment

Background:

  • Many patients with primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) present with advanced disease.
  • Unresectable tumors, large tumor size, and tumor venous thrombosis are associated with poor outcomes.
  • Standard treatments like surgery, liver transplantation, and radiofrequency ablation are not suitable for all patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of liver-directed radiotherapy, specifically stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), in managing unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of SBRT for various tumor sizes and in cases with venous involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of liver-directed radiotherapy techniques, focusing on stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
  • Analysis of SBRT's ability to treat diverse tumor sizes and tumors with venous invasion.
  • Evaluation of reported safety and tumor control outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) demonstrates excellent safety and control outcomes.
  • SBRT can effectively treat a range of tumor sizes, including large tumors.
  • SBRT is capable of treating tumors with venous thrombosis.

Conclusions:

  • Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a viable option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients unsuitable for resection, transplantation, or ablation.
  • SBRT should be strongly considered for patients with larger tumors or venous thrombosis, provided they have adequate liver function.
  • Continued research into radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is warranted.