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Olfactory Dysfunction in CNS Neuroimmunological Disorders: a Review.

Taekyun Shin1, Jeongtae Kim2, Meejung Ahn2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea. shint@jejunu.ac.kr.

Molecular Neurobiology
|September 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory dysfunction, a decline in the sense of smell, is linked to autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus. This review explores the connection between these conditions and smell impairment.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseMultiple sclerosisNeuromyelitis opticaOlfactory dysfunctionSystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction significantly impacts quality of life, particularly in aging populations.
  • It can serve as an early indicator for neuroimmunological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • The olfactory system involves receptor cells, olfactory bulbs, and the primary olfactory cortex, all susceptible to damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on olfactory dysfunction in autoimmune diseases.
  • To examine the relationship between multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, systemic lupus erythematosus, and olfactory impairment.
  • To discuss findings from animal models and the role of olfactory bulb inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on olfactory dysfunction and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of data from human patients and animal models.
  • Examination of research on inflammation within the olfactory bulb.

Main Results:

  • A strong association exists between neuroimmunological disorders and olfactory dysfunction.
  • Damage to olfactory pathways can lead to impaired sense of smell.
  • Inflammation in the olfactory bulb is implicated in these conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune diseases frequently manifest with olfactory dysfunction.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
  • Further research into olfactory bulb inflammation may reveal therapeutic targets.