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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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RNA Structure01:23

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes
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RNA Localization in Bacteria.

Jingyi Fei1, Cynthia M Sharma2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

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|September 8, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial RNAs can accumulate in specific cellular locations, influencing gene regulation. Studying RNA localization in bacteria is challenging but crucial for understanding gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Posttranscriptional regulation by small RNAs and RNA-binding proteins is well-studied in bacteria.
  • Subcellular RNA localization is crucial in eukaryotes but less understood in bacteria.
  • Bacterial RNAs are increasingly recognized to accumulate at specific cellular sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging examples of RNA localization in bacteria.
  • To discuss potential functions of RNA localization in bacterial gene expression and regulation.
  • To overview technologies for visualizing and tracking bacterial RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bacterial RNA localization.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms for RNA localization (transcription-coupled, translation-dependent/independent).
  • Overview of current and emerging technologies for RNA visualization (hybridization, in vivo imaging).

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests bacterial RNAs localize to distinct subcellular locations.
  • RNA localization may play significant roles in bacterial gene expression and regulatory processes.
  • Various mechanisms, including transcription-site association and protein-product colocalization, are proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial RNA localization is an emerging field with implications for gene regulation.
  • Technological advancements are improving the study of RNA localization in single living cells.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and functions of bacterial RNA localization.