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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
Published on: May 24, 2017
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Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review
Nathan T Kearns1, Emily Carl2, Aliza T Stein2
1Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.
Depression and Anxiety
|September 8, 2018
Summary
Rates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and smoking remain high, with smokers twice as likely to have PTSD. Specialized treatments show promise for this comorbidity.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Behavioral Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Previous reviews highlighted high Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and smoking comorbidity.
- Gaps in etiological research and specialized PTSD-smoking cessation treatments were identified.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent research addressing gaps in the PTSD and smoking literature.
- To summarize advances in understanding the mechanisms and treatment of comorbid PTSD and smoking.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search identified 66 empirical studies.
- Studies focused on epidemiological, etiological, and treatment research for PTSD and smoking.
Main Results:
- Smokers are twice as likely to have PTSD, and individuals with PTSD are twice as likely to smoke.
- PTSD is associated with negative affect, trauma history, and higher smoking rates/nicotine dependence.
- Integrated PTSD and smoking cessation treatments show promise over standard care.
Conclusions:
- High rates of PTSD-smoking co-occurrence persist.
- Significant progress in epidemiological and etiological research, with a need for trauma-specific studies.
- Promising specialized treatments require further replication.
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