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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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[Recent Progress at Atomic Spectrum Field for DBD Research and Development].

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    Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) excels in miniaturized atomic spectroscopy instruments due to its efficiency and simplicity. This review highlights DBD applications in atomic fluorescence spectrometry and new sampling techniques.

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    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Atomic Spectroscopy
    • Plasma Physics

    Background:

    • Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) offers advantages like small size, low energy use, and efficient sample excitation.
    • These characteristics make DBD ideal for developing portable and miniaturized analytical instruments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent advancements in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) applications within the atomic spectrum field.
    • To analyze the performance of DBD-based atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) systems across various sampling methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on DBD applications in atomic spectroscopy.
    • Analysis of different sampling modes and techniques used with DBD-AFS systems.
    • Exploration of novel DBD applications in vapor generation and direct solid sampling.

    Main Results:

    • DBD has been successfully integrated as atomizers or excitation sources in atomic absorption, fluorescence, and emission spectrometers.
    • DBD-AFS systems demonstrate diverse applications in various sampling modes, each with specific advantages and disadvantages.
    • Emerging applications include DBD for enhanced vapor generation and direct solid sample analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) significantly contributes to the miniaturization of atomic spectroscopy instruments.
    • Further research into the fundamental reaction mechanisms of DBD is needed to unlock its full potential and address limitations.