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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Step-by-Step Guide for Harnessing Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Solution Processed Device Fabrication of a TADF Emitter
Published on: November 7, 2025
Deep-Blue Oxadiazole-Containing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Michael Y Wong1, Simonas Krotkus2, Graeme Copley1
1Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K.
Abstract:
A series of four novel deep-blue to sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters (2CzdOXDMe, 2CzdOXD4MeOPh, 2CzdOXDPh, and 2CzdOXD4CF3Ph) have been synthesized and characterized. These oxadiazole-based emitters demonstrated bluer emission compared with the reference emitter 2CzPN thanks to the weaker acceptor strength of the oxadiazole moieties. The oxadiazole compounds doped in hosts (mCP and PPT) emitted from 435 to 474 nm with photoluminescence quantum yields ranging from 14-55%. The emitters possess singlet-triplet excited-state energy gaps (Δ EST) between 0.25 and 0.46 eV resulting in delayed components ranging from 4.8 to 25.8 ms. The OLED device with 2CzdOXD4CF3Ph shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.2% with a sky-blue emission at CIE of (0.17, 0.25), while the device with 2CzdOXD4MeOPh shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.6% with a deep-blue emission at CIE of (0.15, 0.11).
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