Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.5K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.5K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

199.2K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
199.2K
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

14.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
14.4K
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

60.6K
Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
60.6K
Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

25.3K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
25.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Global Consensus on the Management of Primary Localized Chordoma.

JAMA oncology·2026
Same author

Consensus Guidelines for Staging and Surveillance Imaging in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

JAMA dermatology·2026
Same author

Pembrolizumab Plus Quad-Shot Radiotherapy for Recurrent, Unresectable, or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery·2026
Same author

Neurologic Complications of Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation: Clinical and Imaging Features.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·2026
Same author

Addition of Preoperative Ultrasound To 4D-CT Increases Radiologist Confidence in Identifying Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Quantitative Evaluation of Image Quality Improvement and Reduced Radiation Output with Photon-Counting CT in 4D Parathyroid Imaging.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care
11:06

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care

Published on: November 11, 2022

3.3K

Preoperative Imaging Techniques in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Review.

Paul M Bunch1, Hillary R Kelly1,2

  • 1Division of Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.

JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck Surgery
|September 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Accurate preoperative localization is key for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Established and emerging imaging techniques, including ultrasonography, sestamibi, and 4D-CT, aid in locating parathyroid glands for improved surgical outcomes.

More Related Videos

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
15:11

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

65.1K
A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery
04:42

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care
11:06

Subretinal Implantation of RPE on a Carrier in Minipigs: Guidelines for Preoperative Preparations, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Care

Published on: November 11, 2022

3.3K
Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
15:11

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

65.1K
A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery
04:42

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy necessitates precise preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands.
  • Established noninvasive imaging modalities play a crucial role in this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and emerging noninvasive imaging techniques for preoperative parathyroid localization.
  • To discuss the performance and application of various imaging modalities in hyperparathyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on preoperative imaging for hyperparathyroidism.
  • Comparison of ultrasonography, sestamibi imaging, and multiphase 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT).
  • Discussion of emerging techniques such as elastography, positron emission tomography, and 4-D magnetic resonance imaging.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasonography and sestamibi imaging are reliable techniques with good sensitivity and positive predictive value.
  • Multiphase 4D-CT demonstrates superior performance, especially in complex cases like negative or discordant initial imaging, recurrent disease, or multiglandular involvement.
  • Emerging technologies show promise for further enhancing localization accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal imaging algorithm for hyperparathyroidism is scenario-dependent, often requiring a combination of techniques.
  • A proposed algorithm integrates test performance, surgeon confidence, patient factors, cost, and radiation exposure for tailored localization strategies.