Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

696
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
696
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.3K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.3K
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.4K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.4K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

899
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
899
Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

1.4K
In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
1.4K
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

779
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
779

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Protocol for the International Translation and Validation of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale for Preterm Birth [PSAS-PTB] and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [PSAS-NICU] Contexts.

International journal of methods in psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Scanning for Representation: A Scoping Review of Racial and Ethnic Diversity in MRI Studies of the Maternal Brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Working memory updating for free items and for item-to-context bindings: When attention is enough and when gating is needed.

Memory & cognition·2025
Same author

Anxiety and neural correlates of attention and self-regulation in pregnancy: a resting-state EEG study.

Archives of women's mental health·2024
Same author

The association between maternal and child posttraumatic stress symptoms among families living in southern Israel: The buffering role of maternal executive functions.

Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress·2024
Same author

Age-related changes in the susceptibility to visual illusions of size.

Scientific reports·2024
Same journal

AI-generated faces are becoming more trustworthy.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Attenuated boundary extension in observer perspective memory compared to field perspective memory.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Comparing masking and habituation roles in saccadic omission of stimuli optimized for intra-saccadic vision.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Published on: March 11, 2011

30.5K

A two-level hierarchical framework of visual short-term memory.

Tal Yatziv1, Yoav Kessler1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Journal of Vision
|September 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) involves discrete representations, with a hybrid model proposing a two-level hierarchy. This framework integrates resource-like perceptual memory and discrete visual working memory for information maintenance.

More Related Videos

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells
06:41

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: May 19, 2023

2.6K
Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software
10:15

Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Published on: June 20, 2013

20.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
09:58

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

Published on: March 11, 2011

30.5K
Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells
06:41

Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Published on: May 19, 2023

2.6K
Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software
10:15

Mouse Short- and Long-term Locomotor Activity Analyzed by Video Tracking Software

Published on: June 20, 2013

20.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Visual short-term memory (VSTM) research explores mechanisms for maintaining visual information.
  • Debates exist on VSTM limitations: discrete-capacity, shared-resource, and interference models offer different perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review benchmark findings on VSTM limitations, including all-or-none storage and object complexity effects.
  • To propose a novel hybrid framework for VSTM architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on VSTM limitations.
  • Development of a theoretical hybrid framework for VSTM architecture.

Main Results:

  • VSTM limitations are debated among discrete-capacity, shared-resource, and interference models.
  • A hybrid framework is proposed, featuring a two-level hierarchy: perceptual memory and visual working memory.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed hybrid model suggests VSTM comprises a large-capacity, analog perceptual memory and a limited, discrete visual working memory.
  • Visual working memory capacity is restricted (3-4 items) and regulated by a gating mechanism, with information appearing quantized.