Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications
Published on: July 28, 2021
Simultaneous electrochemical sensing of warfarin and maycophenolic acid in biological samples
Mohammad-Bagher Gholivand1, Mohammad Solgi1
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Abstract:
In this study, for the first time a rapid, selective and highly sensitive method was developed for simultaneous determination of warfarin and mycophenolic acid using carbon paste electrode modified by β-cyclodextrin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/cobalt oxide nanoparticles (β-CD/MWCNTs/Co3O4NPs/CPE). The oxidation peaks of desired drugs was separated enough using the constructed electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were utilized for study the electrochemical response of the fabricated electrode and its surface modification was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimal conditions, the adsorptive stripping voltammetric responses were linear in the concentration ranges 0.05-150 μM and 0.5-200 μM for WAR and MPA, respectively. The correlation coefficients were greater than 0.99. The limits of detection for WAR and MPA were 0.02 and 0.03 μM. The fabricated electrode was applied for the simultaneous determination of WAR and MPA in urine and human serum samples with satisfactory results.
More Related Videos
08:19Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing
Published on: June 1, 2012
09:51TD-DFT Guided Advanced E-Eye Sensing Technique for On-site Quantification of Fe, Cr, F, and As in the Environmental, Biological, and Food Samples
Published on: September 19, 2025
Related Concept Videos
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
What is Conservation Biology?
Introduction to Special Senses