Warming in the Agulhas Region during the Global Surface Warming Acceleration and Slowdown

The Agulhas Region gains more heat during the global surface warming slowdown than acceleration period. Yet, mechanisms that cause excessive heat accumulation in this region remain largely unknown. We investigate the underlying physical processes and examine their influence on ocean heat changes in the last three decades. Heave is found to drive the increasing ocean heat content in the last three decades whereas elevated heat accumulation rate in slowdown compared than acceleration period is mainly attributed to spice. During the acceleration period, pure heaving of Subtropical Mode Water induced by wind stress change and pure warming caused by heat flux, leading to a strong heave component and relatively weak spice, drive the increases in ocean heat content. During the slowdown period, increasing salinity strengthens the spice, resulting in a higher heat accumulation rate compared to the acceleration period.