Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
Working Below Skill Level as Risk Factor for Distress Among Latin American Migrants Living in Germany: A
Bernarda Espinoza-Castro1, Luis E Vásquez Rueda2, Rossana V Mendoza Lopez3
1Center for International Health at Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. B.Espinoza@campus.lmu.de.
Abstract:
About 84,710 Latin American migrants currently live in Germany. Knowledge about their work situation in relation to their skill level and its association with mental health is limited. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of working below skill level and its association with the prevalence of distress in Latin Americans living in Germany. This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 282 Latin American migrants living in Germany. Participants were recruited by a short online (Facebook, personal contacts) or interview-based questionnaire from November 2015 to April 2016. Questions included skill level, job category (categorized by ISCO 2008 code), socio-demographics, violence at the workplace and distress. The latter was assessed by Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire using a cut-off of 4/5. Descriptive statistics were followed by logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. About half of the study population reported symptoms of distress (45%). 63% of the population worked below skill level. 12-months prevalence of violence at the workplace was 14%. After adjustment, working below skill level was statistically significantly related to distress (odds ratio 2.80; 95% confidence interval 1.58-4.95). Working below skill level is common in Latin American migrants in Germany and may result in poor psychosocial well-being.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Cross-Sectional Research
Profile Leveling and Cross Sections
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs
Factors Influencing Attraction V: Social Skills
Finding Volume Using Cross-Sectional Area

