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New dissociative drugs, including 1,2-diarylethylamines and beta-keto-arylcyclohexylamines, have emerged due to online collaboration and the research chemical market. Their pharmacology and emergence are discussed.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine are well-known dissociative drugs.
  • Since the 1960s, numerous compounds have been explored for research, with some appearing on illicit markets as PCP analogs.
  • The internet has facilitated collaboration in designing and developing novel dissociative compounds, leading to new psychoactive substances (NPS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce dissociative new psychoactive substances (NPS) from the 1,2-diarylethylamine and beta-keto-arylcyclohexylamine classes.
  • To discuss the known pharmacology of these emerging dissociative NPS.
  • To provide an overview of compounds that have appeared on the market in recent years.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications and clandestine market information.
  • Analysis of chemical structures and reported psychoactive effects.
  • Categorization of NPS into distinct chemical classes.

Main Results:

  • The emergence of novel dissociative NPS, including 1,2-diarylethylamines (e.g., diphenidine, fluorolintane) and beta-keto-arylcyclohexylamines (e.g., methoxetamine, deschloroketamine).
  • These compounds are often developed through online collaboration and marketed as "research chemicals" or "legal highs."
  • A continuous evolution exists between drug control, law enforcement, and the research chemical market.

Conclusions:

  • Dissociative NPS continue to emerge, posing challenges for regulation and public health.
  • Understanding the pharmacology of these novel compounds is crucial.
  • The internet has significantly impacted the development and dissemination of new psychoactive substances.