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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

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Robotic and Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery: Evolution and Advances.

Kyung Tae1, Yong Bae Ji1, Chang Myeon Song1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Minimally invasive robotic and endoscopic thyroid surgery offers excellent cosmetic results with complication rates comparable to conventional surgery. Experienced surgeons can achieve similar outcomes, though operative times are longer.

Keywords:
Endoscopic ThyroidectomyMinimally Invasive ThyroidectomyRemote Access ThyroidectomyRobotic ThyroidectomyThyroid Neoplasms

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Endocrine Surgery

Background:

  • Minimally invasive thyroidectomy techniques have evolved over 20 years to reduce surgical morbidity and neck scarring.
  • Robotic and endoscopic approaches offer alternatives to conventional open surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and recent advances in robotic and endoscopic thyroid surgery.
  • To compare the advantages and disadvantages of various remote access approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on robotic and endoscopic thyroid surgery.
  • Analysis of common remote access approaches: gasless transaxillary, bilateral axillo-breast, postauricular facelift, and transoral vestibular.

Main Results:

  • Remote access thyroidectomy significantly improves cosmetic outcomes.
  • Complication rates are comparable to conventional surgery when performed by experienced surgeons.
  • Operative time is longer for remote access thyroidectomy compared to conventional methods.

Conclusions:

  • Remote access thyroidectomy is a feasible option for selected patients.
  • Outcomes are comparable to conventional transcervical thyroidectomy in experienced hands.
  • Understanding the benefits and limitations of each approach is crucial for patient selection.