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Balancing Redox Equations02:58

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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
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Characterizing Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Three-Electrode, Two-Chamber Bioelectrochemical System
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Microbial electrocatalysis: Redox mediators responsible for extracellular electron transfer.

Xiaobo Liu1, Liang Shi2, Ji-Dong Gu3

  • 1Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.

Biotechnology Advances
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Redox mediators are crucial for microbial electrocatalysis, facilitating extracellular electron transfer (EET) by acting as electron carriers. Understanding these mediators enhances microbial electrocatalysis applications for sustainable biochemical industries.

Keywords:
BiodegradationElectrochemically active bacteriaElectronExtracellular electron transferMicrobial electrocatalysisRedox mediator

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial electrochemistry
  • Biochemical engineering

Background:

  • Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is vital for microbial electrocatalysis.
  • Cell envelopes and redox potential differences necessitate mediators for efficient EET.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various redox mediators used in microbial electrocatalysis.
  • To discuss the functional mechanisms of redox mediators in EET.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of redox mediators.
  • Analysis of mediator mechanisms in microbial electrocatalysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified a wide range of redox mediators.
  • Elucidated the role of mediators as electron carriers/bridges in EET.
  • Highlighted mediator function in driving microbial electrocatalytic reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding redox mediators deepens knowledge of microorganism-electrode interfaces.
  • This knowledge promotes microbial electrocatalysis applications like microbial fuel cells and bioremediation.
  • Advances in microbial electrocatalysis contribute to sustainable, eco-friendly biochemical industries.