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Related Concept Videos

Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

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Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Uniform Circular Motion01:14

Uniform Circular Motion

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Uniform circular motion is a specific type of motion in which an object travels in a circle with a constant speed. For example, any point on a propeller spinning at a constant rate is undergoing uniform circular motion. The second, minute, and hour hands of a watch also undergo uniform circular motion. It is hard to believe that points on these rotating objects are actually accelerating, even though the rotation rate is constant. To understand this, we must analyze the motion in terms of...
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Non-uniform Circular Motion01:22

Non-uniform Circular Motion

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In uniform circular motion, the particle executing circular motion has a constant speed, and the circle is at a fixed radius. However, not all circular motion occurs at a constant speed. A particle can travel in a circle and speed up or slow down, showing an acceleration in the direction of motion. In that case, the motion is called non-uniform circular motion, and an additional acceleration is introduced, which is in the direction tangential to the circle. 
For example, such...
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Dynamics of Circular Motion01:30

Dynamics of Circular Motion

25.5K
An object undergoing circular motion, like a race car, is accelerating because it is changing the direction of its velocity. This centrally directed acceleration is called centripetal acceleration. This acceleration acts along the radius of the curved path (thus is also referred to as radial acceleration).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
08:25

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

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The Circular RNA

Malte Kölling1, Harald Seeger1, George Haddad1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Kidney International Reports
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating circular RNAs (circRNAs) are detectable in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). A specific circRNA, ciRs-126, may predict mortality in AKI patients.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurycirculating circular RNAsmortalityrenal replacement therapy

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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel noncoding RNA regulators with potential roles in microRNA (miRNA) expression.
  • circRNAs are detectable in blood and have been implicated in cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
  • The presence and role of circRNAs in acute kidney injury (AKI) remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dysregulation and potential role of circulating circRNAs in critically ill patients with AKI.
  • To determine if circulating circRNAs are associated with patient survival in AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Global circRNA expression analysis was performed on blood samples from AKI patients and controls.
  • Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate key circRNAs and their targets in a larger cohort.
  • Statistical analyses, including Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves, were employed to assess survival prediction.

Main Results:

  • Three novel circRNAs were found to be upregulated in the blood of AKI patients.
  • Circular RNA sponge of miR-126 (ciRs-126) showed a significant 52.1-fold increase in AKI patients compared to controls.
  • ciRs-126 was identified as a potential sponge for miR-126-5p, which was suppressed in AKI patients and hypoxic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating circRNAs are detectable in patients with AKI.
  • ciRs-126 may function as a miRNA sponge for miR-126-5p.
  • ciRs-126 is an independent predictor of 28-day mortality in AKI patients.