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Modelling the executive components involved in processing false belief and mechanical/intentional sequences.

Hiromi Tsuji1, Peter Mitchell2

  • 1Osaka Shoin Women's University, Higashiosaka, Japan.

The British Journal of Developmental Psychology
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The false-belief task, used to assess mentalizing ability, requires significant executive functions like attention shifting and inhibitory control. These cognitive demands exceed those of the picture sequencing task, highlighting the complexity of false-belief reasoning in children.

Keywords:
executive functionsfalse-belief taskmentalizingpicture-sequencing tasktheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The false-belief task is a standard measure for assessing theory of mind (mentalizing) in children.
  • Existing research indicates that executive functions (EFs) play a role in children's performance on false-belief tasks.
  • Different theory-of-mind tasks may vary in their cognitive processing demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the executive demands of the false-belief task with those of a picture sequencing task.
  • To statistically model the relationship between executive functions and performance on these two tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Path analyses were used to model cognitive demands.
  • 166 children aged 3–6 years completed false-belief, picture sequencing, executive function (updating, inhibition, shifting), and receptive language tasks.

Main Results:

  • The best-fit model showed that shifting of attention and inhibitory control directly contributed to false-belief task performance.
  • These executive function contributions were independent of the factors influencing picture sequencing performance.
  • The false-belief task demonstrated higher executive processing requirements than the picture sequencing task.

Conclusions:

  • The false-belief task involves executive processing beyond simple mentalizing.
  • Shifting attention is a key executive function underpinning performance on the false-belief task.
  • Picture sequencing serves as a less executive-demanding alternative for assessing theory of mind.