Congenital varicella syndrome

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Pediatrics
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Maternal varicella infection during pregnancy poses a risk of congenital anomalies.
• Congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) can lead to severe fetal malformations.
• Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in utero can have devastating consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of congenital varicella syndrome.
• To describe the clinical presentation and anomalies associated with intrauterine VZV infection.
• To emphasize the importance of preventing VZV infection during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a newborn diagnosed with congenital varicella syndrome.
• Clinical examination and documentation of congenital anomalies.
• Review of literature on maternal varicella and its fetal effects.

Main Results:

• The newborn presented with necrotic bullae, characteristic scars, hypoplastic limbs, muscular atrophy, clubfoot, intrauterine growth restriction, dysphagia, and anisocoria.
• These anomalies are consistent with typical presentations of congenital varicella syndrome.
• Maternal varicella occurred during the 17th week of gestation.

Conclusions:

• Congenital varicella syndrome can result in a spectrum of severe malformations.
• Prevention of varicella-zoster virus infection in pregnant women is crucial.
• Early recognition and management of VZV infection in pregnancy are important to mitigate fetal risks.