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Test-Retest Reliability Between Free Weight and Machine-Based Movement Velocities.

Ryan M Miller1, Eduardo D S Freitas, Aaron D Heishman

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|September 11, 2018
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Summary

This study found that machine-based exercises show greater reproducibility in velocity measurements compared to free weights. Bench press velocity reliability was high between 30-60% of 1RM, while 2 leg press velocity was highly reliable across all tested loads.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Velocity-based training (VBT) is increasingly used to measure muscular power.
  • Reproducibility of velocity measurements across different exercise modalities remains under-examined.
  • Existing devices like the Tendo FitroDyne offer velocity measurement, but their consistency is questioned.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the test-retest reliability of movement velocity during free weight (barbell bench press) and machine-based (2 leg press) exercises.
  • To assess reliability across a range of intensities, specifically 20-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM).

Main Methods:

  • Forty recreationally active individuals participated, undergoing familiarization and three testing visits.
  • One-repetition maximum (1RM) was determined for the bench press (BP) and 2 leg press (2LP).
  • Velocity was measured during single repetitions at 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1RM on two separate occasions, one week apart.

Main Results:

  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) for BP ranged from 0.56 to 0.98 (3-18.1% SEM), with high reliability noted between 30-60% 1RM.
  • ICC2,1 for 2LP ranged from 0.78 to 0.98 (2.8-7.2% SEM), demonstrating high to excellent reliability across all tested loads (20-80% 1RM).
  • No significant mean differences in velocity were observed between trials for either exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Movement velocity measurements demonstrate good to excellent test-retest reliability for both bench press and 2 leg press exercises within the tested intensity range.
  • Machine-based exercises, specifically the 2 leg press, exhibited greater reproducibility in velocity measurements compared to free-weight bench press.
  • Further research is recommended to investigate the reproducibility of velocity measurements across a wider variety of machine-based exercises.