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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.1K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
131.1K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.1K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.1K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

87.7K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.7K

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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Ionic Conductivity in Ionic Liquid Nano Thin Films.

Shingo Maruyama1, Ida Bagus Hendra Prastiawan2, Kaho Toyabe1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579 , Japan.

ACS Nano
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) show decreased conductivity in thin films (<10 nm) due to solid-like structuring near surfaces. This phenomenon was observed and modeled using thin film approaches and molecular dynamics simulations.

Keywords:
interfaceionic conductivityionic liquidlaser depositionmolecular dynamics simulationthin film

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Thin film techniques offer nanoscale insights into interfacial ionic liquids (ILs).
  • Understanding IL interfacial properties is crucial as thin films have a large surface-to-volume ratio.
  • Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at room temperature, with applications in batteries and catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nanoscale ionic conductivity of ionic liquid thin films.
  • To elucidate the relationship between film thickness and ionic conductivity.
  • To understand the molecular origins of conductivity changes in confined ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Growth of uniform 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][TFSA]) thin films on chemically modified sapphire.
  • In situ measurement of nanoscale ionic conductivity.
  • Quantitative analysis using an empirical two-layer model.
  • Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to probe interfacial structure and dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed a thickness-dependent ionic conductivity, with a significant decrease below 10 nm.
  • The empirical two-layer model accurately described the conductivity behavior.
  • MD simulations revealed solid-like structuring of the IL near the substrate as the cause of reduced conductivity.
  • The thickness of the low-conductivity region correlated with the simulated solid-like layer.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale ionic conductivity of [emim][TFSA] is strongly influenced by film thickness.
  • Surface-induced structuring significantly impacts ion transport in confined ILs.
  • MD simulations provide valuable molecular-level understanding of interfacial phenomena in IL thin films.