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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Extraction and Purification of Polyphenols from Freeze-dried Berry Powder for the Treatment of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro
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Effect of A Polyphenol-Rich

Ning-Ning Zhang1, Wen-Hui Guo2, Han Hu3

  • 1College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. znnfst@163.com.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Canarium album extract (CAext) positively impacts gut microbiota in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). CAext supplementation increased beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia and altered phyla proportions, suggesting prebiotic potential.

Keywords:
Canarium albumgut microbiotahigh-fat dietpolyphenol

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • High-fat diets (HFD) disrupt intestinal microbiota balance.
  • Gut dysbiosis is linked to various metabolic disorders.
  • Canarium album extract (CAext) is a plant-derived compound with potential health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of CAext on the gut microbiota composition in mice fed an HFD.
  • To determine if CAext exhibits prebiotic-like effects, particularly on specific bacterial taxa.

Main Methods:

  • Kun Ming (KM) mice were fed either a normal chow diet or an HFD for six weeks.
  • HFD-fed mice received daily gavage of saline or varying doses of CAext for four weeks.
  • Fecal microbial composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.

Main Results:

  • CAext administration significantly altered gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice.
  • Increases in Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, with a decrease in Bacteroidetes, were observed across all CAext-treated groups.
  • Low and medium doses of CAext notably increased the abundance of Akkermansia.

Conclusions:

  • CAext effectively modulates the gut microbiota in HFD-induced dysbiosis.
  • CAext demonstrates potential prebiotic properties, specifically promoting the growth of Akkermansia.
  • These findings suggest CAext as a potential therapeutic agent for HFD-related gut health issues.