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Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
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Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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Mistletoe Eradicator - A Novel Tool for Simultaneous Mechanical and Chemical Control of Mistletoe
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Chemical Profiles and Simultaneous Quantification of

Yingjie He1,2, Zongkai Li3, Wei Wang4

  • 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. yingjiehe272@163.com.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified 104 chemical compounds in Aurantii fructus (AF), a traditional Chinese medicine, including 41 novel compounds. A validated HPLC method was developed for quality control using 12 key biochemical markers.

Keywords:
Aurantii fructusGC-MSHPLCHPLC-Q-TOF-MSbiochemical markersquality control

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacognosy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background:

  • Aurantii fructus (AF) is a long-established traditional Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal motility disorders.
  • Comprehensive chemical profiling and quality control standards for AF are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify the basic chemical constituents of AF.
  • To develop and validate an analytical method for comprehensive quality control of AF.

Main Methods:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for compound identification.
  • Gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for volatile compound analysis.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method development for marker quantification.

Main Results:

  • 104 compounds from eight structural types were identified, with 41 reported for the first time.
  • Twelve bioactive ingredients were selected as benchmark markers for quality evaluation.
  • A validated HPLC method enabled simultaneous determination of 12 chemical markers in different AF samples.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a foundation for the identification of multiple bioactive substances in AF.
  • The developed analytical method significantly improves the quality control of Aurantii fructus.