Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

1.6K
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
1.6K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.7K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.7K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.9K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.9K
Distribution and Dispersion00:54

Distribution and Dispersion

25.3K
To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
25.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High concentration subcutaneous biological drug products: challenges and advancements.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same author

Accelerating Drug Product Development and Approval: Early Development and Evaluation.

Pharmaceutical research·2023
Same author

Re-Envisioning Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Increasing Agility for Global Patient Access.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2021
Same author

Mechanism and Impact of Excipient Incompatibility: Cross-Linking of Xanthan Gum in Pediatric Powder-for-Suspension Formulations.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2019
Same author

Preclinical dose number and its application in understanding drug absorption risk and formulation design for preclinical species.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2015
Same author

One-pot synthesis of multisubstituted butyrolactonimidates: total synthesis of (-)-nephrosteranic Acid.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process
08:33

Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process

Published on: May 30, 2017

10.6K

Processing Impact on Performance of Solid Dispersions.

Dan Zhang1, Yung-Chi Lee2, Zaher Shabani3

  • 1Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA. dina_zhang@merck.com.

Pharmaceutics
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing weakly basic drugs is difficult due to gastrointestinal pH changes. Solid dispersions can enhance drug solubility and bioavailability, mitigating pH effects and improving in vivo exposure.

Keywords:
bioavailabilityhot melt extrusionin vitro and in vivo characterizationpoorly water-soluble compoundsolid dispersionspray drying

More Related Videos

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization
09:35

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Published on: December 25, 2017

29.3K
Performing and Processing FNA of Anterior Fat Pad for Amyloid
09:41

Performing and Processing FNA of Anterior Fat Pad for Amyloid

Published on: October 30, 2010

56.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process
08:33

Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process

Published on: May 30, 2017

10.6K
Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization
09:35

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Published on: December 25, 2017

29.3K
Performing and Processing FNA of Anterior Fat Pad for Amyloid
09:41

Performing and Processing FNA of Anterior Fat Pad for Amyloid

Published on: October 30, 2010

56.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery
  • Biopharmaceutics

Background:

  • Weakly basic drugs face solubility challenges in the gastrointestinal tract due to pH variations.
  • Decreased solubility at higher pH levels (small intestine, achlorhydria) leads to reduced in vivo drug exposure.
  • Solubility-enabling approaches, like amorphous solid dispersions, are crucial for enhancing bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different processing routes on solid dispersion properties.
  • To compare spray drying and hot melt extrusion for creating amorphous solid dispersions of a weakly basic compound.
  • To evaluate the effect of processing on dissolution behavior and in vivo performance.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of amorphous solid dispersions using spray drying and hot melt extrusion.
  • Characterization of solid dispersion properties (e.g., particle attributes, stability).
  • In vitro dissolution testing and in vivo performance evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Both spray drying and hot melt extrusion produced solid dispersions that enhanced solubility and dissolution of the weakly basic compound.
  • Processing route influenced solid dispersion properties, including physical stability and drug release profiles.
  • In vivo studies demonstrated improved bioavailability for solid dispersions compared to the crystalline drug form.

Conclusions:

  • Amorphous solid dispersions are effective for improving the bioavailability of challenging weakly basic compounds.
  • Processing method significantly impacts solid dispersion characteristics and bioperformance.
  • Understanding processing-property relationships is key to successful solid dispersion development and risk mitigation.