Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

8.0K

MicroRNA-183 and microRNA-96 are associated with autoimmune responses by regulating T cell activation

Jacqueline Thiel1, Christina Alter1, Sina Luppus1

  • 1Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|September 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRs) miR-183 and miR-96 enhance CD4+ T cell activation and autoimmune disease development. Inhibiting these miRs can delay autoimmune onset, suggesting therapeutic potential for T cell-mediated autoimmune conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression.
  • miRs are implicated in modulating immune responses, including autoimmunity.
  • Elevated miR-183 and miR-96 expression is observed in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients' CD4+ T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of miR-183 and miR-96 in T cell activation and autoimmune disease.
  • To identify the targets of miR-183 and miR-96 in CD4+ T cells.
  • To determine the impact of miR-183 and miR-96 on the development of T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of miR-183 and miR-96 expression in CD4+ T cells from GO patients and activated human/murine T cells.
  • Luciferase-based binding assays to identify miR targets.
  • Retroviral gene transfer for miR overexpression and antagomiR treatment in murine CD4+ T cells.
  • Assessment of EGR-1, PTEN, Akt phosphorylation, and proliferation.
  • Adoptive transfer experiments in INS-HA/Rag2KO mice to evaluate autoimmune diabetes development.

Main Results:

  • miR-183 and miR-96 were highly expressed in CD4+ T cells from GO patients and activated T cells.
  • EGR-1 was identified as a direct target of miR-183 and miR-96.
  • Overexpression of miR-183/miR-96 decreased EGR-1 and PTEN, increased Akt phosphorylation, and enhanced T cell proliferation.
  • AntagomiR treatment increased EGR-1 and PTEN, and inhibited T cell proliferation.
  • Adoptive transfer of miR-183/miR-96 overexpressing T cells accelerated autoimmune diabetes, while antagomiR treatment delayed it.

Conclusions:

  • miR-183 and miR-96 promote T cell activation and proliferation.
  • These miRs play a significant role in the development and severity of T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting miR-183 and miR-96 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disorders.
Keywords:
AutoimmunityImmune regulationT cellsmicroRNA-183microRNA-96

More Related Videos

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells16:24

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

Published on: February 21, 2014

20.7K
Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

8.9K

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
24.2K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
4.0K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
26.5K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
3.0K
pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
7.7K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
8.9K