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Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Diagnostic Strategies and Biomarker Development for Comprehensive Lung Function Analysis
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Perioperative lung protective ventilation.

Brian O'Gara1, Daniel Talmor2

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA bpogara@bidmc.harvard.edu.

BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung protective ventilation, using low tidal volumes and PEEP, may reduce postoperative complications in surgical patients. While definitive evidence for all surgical patients is pending, its safety and efficacy are increasingly recognized.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Perioperative lung injury contributes significantly to patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Intraoperative ventilator-induced lung injury is a key concern.
  • The applicability of intensive care unit protective ventilation strategies to surgical patients is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits of lung protective ventilation strategies in surgical patients.
  • To determine if low tidal volumes, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and recruitment maneuvers improve outcomes.
  • To explore the role of alternative ventilation strategies and postoperative interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on intraoperative lung protective ventilation components (low tidal volumes, PEEP, recruitment maneuvers).
  • Analysis of evidence regarding their impact on oxygenation, pulmonary physiology, and postoperative complications.
  • Consideration of emerging ventilation techniques and postoperative management.

Main Results:

  • Lung protective ventilation components individually and combined can improve oxygenation and pulmonary physiology.
  • These strategies have shown promise in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications in at-risk surgical groups.
  • Evidence for universal benefit in the general surgical population remains incomplete.

Conclusions:

  • Lung protective ventilation appears beneficial for moderate-risk surgical patients.
  • Further research is needed for definitive conclusions in the general surgical population.
  • The safety and efficacy profile of intraoperative lung protective ventilation is expanding, challenging historical objections.