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Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

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Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Adolescence.

Nicole D White¹, James Noeun¹

¹School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska.

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

|September 12, 2018

Summary

Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) use is increasing in adolescents despite unclear benefits and risks. This review covers PED mechanisms, effects, and prevention strategies for young users.

Area of Science:

Adolescent medicine
Sports medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

Rising use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in adolescents.
Concerns regarding inconclusive efficacy and safety data for PEDs in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanism of action, efficacy, and adverse effects of common prescription PEDs used by adolescents.
To discuss prevention and treatment strategies for adolescent PED users.

Main Methods:

Literature review of anabolic-androgenic steroids, growth hormones, stimulants, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
Analysis of proposed mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles.
Exploration of prevention and treatment considerations.

Main Results:

Keywords:

adolescent doping performance enhancing drugs

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Inconclusive efficacy data for many PEDs in adolescents.
Significant safety concerns and adverse effects associated with PED use.
Limited established prevention and treatment guidelines.

Conclusions:

Urgent need for further research on PED efficacy and safety in adolescents.
Importance of comprehensive prevention programs and tailored treatment approaches.
Healthcare providers should address PED use proactively with adolescent patients.