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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Energy Carried By Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Energy Carried By Electromagnetic Waves

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Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes, this energy is obvious, such as in the summer sun's warmth. At other times, it is subtle, such as the unfelt energy of gamma rays, which can destroy living cells. Electromagnetic waves bring energy into a system through their electric and magnetic fields. These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them. However, there is energy in an electromagnetic wave,...
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Magnetic Force On A Current-Carrying Conductor01:25

Magnetic Force On A Current-Carrying Conductor

5.1K
Moving charges experience a force in a magnetic field. Since the magnetic fields produced by moving charges are proportional to the current, a conductor carrying a current creates a magnetic field around it.
Consider a compass placed near a current-carrying wire. The wire experiences a force that aligns the needle of the compass tangentially around the wire. Thus, the current-carrying wire produces concentric circular loops of magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by a wire can be...
5.1K
Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

2.2K
In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

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Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives
06:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives

Published on: August 18, 2023

2.3K

Carry on editing.

Andy Greenfield1

  • 1Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK.

British Medical Bulletin
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome editing, including CRISPR/Cas9, allows precise DNA alterations in human embryos for research and potential disease prevention. Ethical discussions are crucial for its responsible application.

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CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation

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Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives

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CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation
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CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Bioethics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genome editing enables precise DNA modifications.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 is a prominent programmable endonuclease system for these edits.
  • Applications extend to human embryos for research and reproductive contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review reports on human embryo genome editing.
  • To examine the science and ethics of human genome editing.
  • To discuss potential applications and controversies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genome editing in human embryos.
  • Analysis of scientific and ethical considerations.
  • Comparison with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).

Main Results:

  • Genome editing offers basic research insights and potential for somatic gene therapy.
  • Germline interventions in embryos for disease prevention are ethically debated.
  • Societal engagement and ethical frameworks are vital for decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Continued basic research will refine genome editing technologies.
  • Development of ethical frameworks is essential for societal debate.
  • Inclusive democratic discussions are necessary for reproductive genome editing decisions.