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The association between migraine and physical exercise.

Faisal Mohammad Amin1, Stavroula Aristeidou2, Carlo Baraldi3

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Regular exercise may prevent migraine frequency, despite exercise sometimes triggering attacks. Future studies should determine optimal exercise programs for migraine prevention.

Keywords:
Exercise headacheMigraine pathophysiologyMigraine treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Migraine treatment lacks sufficient pharmacological and non-pharmacological options.
  • The role of physical exercise in migraine prevention remains unclear.
  • Exercise is recognized for managing other pain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between physical exercise and migraine.
  • To explore epidemiological, therapeutic, and pathophysiological aspects.
  • To understand exercise's dual role as a migraine trigger and prophylactic.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted on PubMed.
  • Search terms included "migraine and exercise".

Main Results:

  • Population studies link low exercise levels to high migraine frequency.
  • Exercise can trigger migraines via neuropeptide release (e.g., calcitonin gene-related peptide) or metabolic changes.
  • Exercise may prevent migraines by increasing beneficial neurochemicals like beta-endorphins and endocannabinoids.

Conclusions:

  • Regular exercise appears to have a prophylactic effect on migraine frequency.
  • Exercise may alter the migraine triggering threshold.
  • Optimal exercise frequency and intensity for migraine prevention require further investigation.