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Related Concept Videos

Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
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Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
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Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

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Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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tRNA Activation02:26

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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
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Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes
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Amino-Fe

Tiago José Marques Fraga1, Letticia Emely Maria de Lima2, Ziani Santana Bandeira de Souza3

  • 1Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil. tiago_mfraga@hotmail.com.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel amino-iron oxide functionalized graphene (GO-NH2-Fe3O4) was developed for efficient Methylene Blue (MB) dye removal. This graphene oxide-based adsorbent demonstrates high capacity and excellent recyclability for textile dye wastewater treatment.

Keywords:
AdsorptionEcofriendly adsorbentFunctionalizationGraphene oxideMethylene BlueTextile effluent

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material for adsorption applications.
  • Functionalization of GO can enhance its adsorption properties.
  • Textile dyes pose environmental pollution challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel amino-iron oxide functionalized graphene (GO-NH2-Fe3O4).
  • To evaluate the adsorption performance of GO-NH2-Fe3O4 for the cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB).
  • To assess the reusability and efficiency of the developed adsorbent.

Main Methods:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) synthesis via modified Hummers method.
  • Functionalization of GO with diethylenetriamine (DETA) and FeCl3.
  • Characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM with EDX, and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Adsorption studies including pH effect, kinetics, and isotherm analysis.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized GO-NH2-Fe3O4 exhibited a point of zero net charge (pHPZC) of 8.2.
  • Optimal MB adsorption occurred at pH 12.0.
  • High adsorption capacity (qe) of 966.39 mg g-1 at equilibrium, with maximum capacity reaching 1047.81 mg g-1.
  • Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models best described the adsorption process.
  • The adsorbent maintained over 95% MB removal efficiency after 10 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The novel GO-NH2-Fe3O4 is a highly effective adsorbent for Methylene Blue.
  • The adsorbent demonstrates excellent regeneration capability, making it suitable for repeated use.
  • GO-NH2-Fe3O4 presents a cost-effective solution for textile dye removal from wastewater.