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Airway management in space is feasible using supraglottic airway devices (SGA), showing high success rates in simulated weightlessness. Conventional laryngoscopy is less reliable, highlighting the need for specific protocols and patient/operator restraint.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Interplanetary missions to the Moon and Mars necessitate autonomous crew medical capabilities.
  • Airway management is a critical emergency skill for isolated crews in extreme environments.
  • Optimal airway devices for microgravity conditions remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review literature on airway management techniques in weightlessness.
  • To identify the most suitable airway devices for space missions.

Main Methods:

  • A standardized literature search was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Included studies focused on airway management in spaceflight and analogue environments.
  • Three randomized comparative manikin studies were identified.

Main Results:

  • Supraglottic airway devices (SGA) demonstrated excellent insertion success rates (91%-97%) in simulated weightlessness.
  • Artificial ventilation was successfully administered using SGA in microgravity.
  • Conventional laryngoscopy success rates varied significantly (15%-86%) under free-floating conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Airway management in weightlessness is possible with appropriate techniques.
  • Restraint of both patient and operator is crucial for conventional orotracheal intubation.
  • SGA devices appear highly effective for airway management during space missions.