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Nicholas F Brazeau1,2, Amy N Whitesell2, Stephanie M Doctor2

  • 1Medical Scientist Training Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Recent studies indicate Plasmodium vivax malaria is present in sub-Saharan Africa. This research confirms P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative children in the Democratic Republic of Congo, challenging previous assumptions.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plasmodium vivax malaria was thought to be absent in sub-Saharan Africa due to the Duffy-negative phenotype conferring protection.
  • Recent findings suggest a higher prevalence of P. vivax in these regions than previously assumed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and prevalence of Plasmodium vivax infections in children in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
  • To determine if P. vivax can infect Duffy-negative individuals in this region.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 292 dried blood spots from the 2013-2014 Demographic and Health Survey in the DRC.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to detect P. vivax and Duffy blood group genotypes.

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Main Results:

  • Four P. vivax infections were initially detected by PCR.
  • Further investigation identified a total of 14 P. vivax cases (10 confirmed, 3 probable, 1 possible), with 9 coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum.
  • All 14 individuals were confirmed Duffy-negative, indicating P. vivax can infect Duffy-negative individuals in Africa.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmodium vivax is present and can infect Duffy-negative individuals in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
  • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of P. vivax epidemiology in Africa.
  • Further research is required to understand the genetic relationship of these African P. vivax isolates with strains from other continents and to identify virulence factors.