Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Split Green Fluorescent Protein System to Visualize Effectors Delivered from Bacteria During Infection
Published on: May 24, 2018
A Single Effector Protein, AvrRpt2
Susan Schröpfer1, Christoph Böttcher2, Thomas Wöhner1
11 Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany.
Abstract:
The AvrRpt2EA effector protein of Erwinia amylovora is important for pathogen recognition in the fire blight-resistant crabapple Malus × robusta 5; however, little is known about its role in susceptible apples. To study its function in planta, we expressed a plant-optimized version of AvrRpt2EA driven by a heat shock-inducible promoter in transgenic plants of the fire blight-susceptible cultivar Pinova. After induced expression of AvrRpt2EA, transgenic lines showed shoot necrosis and browning of older leaves, with symptoms similar to natural fire blight infections. Transgenic expression of this effector protein resulted in an increase in the expression of the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive PR-1 gene but, also, in the levels of SA and its derivatives, with diverse kinetics in leaves of different ages. In contrast, no increase of expression levels of VSP2 paralogs, used as marker genes for the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense pathway, could be detected, which is in agreement with metabolic profiling of JA and its derivatives. Our work demonstrates that AvrRpt2EA acts as a virulence factor and induces the formation of SA and SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance.
More Related Videos
07:40Identification of Host Pathways Targeted by Bacterial Effector Proteins using Yeast Toxicity and Suppressor Screens
Published on: October 25, 2019
12:23Analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica Effector Translocation into Host Cells Using Beta-lactamase Effector Fusions
Published on: October 13, 2015
Related Concept Videos
Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
G-protein Coupled Receptors
Protein-protein Interfaces
Protein and Protein Structure
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...