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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
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Structures of Solids02:22

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Intermediate crystalline structures of colloids in shape space.

Daphne Klotsa1, Elizabeth R Chen, Michael Engel

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. sglotzer@umich.edu.

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Summary

This study computationally explores how over 40,000 polyhedra self-assemble into various crystal structures. Results guide the design of colloidal crystals by tuning particle shape for specific ordered structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Hard, convex polyhedra self-assembly is crucial for designing colloidal crystals.
  • Understanding the relationship between particle shape and resulting crystal structure is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally investigate the thermodynamic assembly of over 40,000 polyhedra from three shape families.
  • To identify the resulting crystal structures, including known complex crystals and distorted variants of basic cubic lattices.
  • To develop a method for quantifying structural distortion and grouping related structures in shape space.

Main Methods:

  • Computational study of thermodynamic assembly of polyhedra.
  • Analysis of vertex and/or edge truncation of symmetric polyhedra.
  • Development of an algorithm to extract lattice vectors and quantify distortion from particle positions.
  • Grouping of intermediate structures based on lattice vector analysis.

Main Results:

  • Most intermediate shapes assemble distorted variants of face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, simple cubic, and diamond crystals.
  • Identified assembly of known complex crystals like cI16 lithium, BC8 silicon, γ-brass, β-manganese, and a dodecagonal quasicrystal.
  • Generated assembly landscapes showing regions of ordered structures, disorder, and transitions between them.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a guide for systematically designing and self-assembling colloidal crystals by precise particle shape engineering.
  • The developed method allows for grouping related structures in shape space, overcoming limitations of strict lattice system definitions.
  • Results offer insights into the complex relationship between particle geometry and emergent crystalline order.