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Related Concept Videos

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

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Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
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Benzodiazepines are a class of anxiolytic drugs known for their rapid efficacy and high therapeutic-to-lethal dose ratio, but with a potential risk of drug dependence. These drugs are lipophilic, allowing for rapid absorption after oral administration, eventually reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Once in the CNS, benzodiazepines bind to the allosteric site of the GABAA receptor. This binding enhances the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. By doing so, they prevent...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Related Experiment Video

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Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices
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Anxiolytics targeting GABA

Pierrick Poisbeau1, Geraldine Gazzo1, Laurent Calvel1

  • 1a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (INCI) , Strasbourg , France.

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Etifoxine, a translocator protein (TSPO) ligand, shows promise for anxiety relief by modulating γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs) with fewer side effects than traditional treatments.

Keywords:
Anxietybarbituratesbenzodiazepinesinhibitionneurosteroids

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Anxiety and adjustment disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions.
  • Current treatments for anxiety often have adverse effects.
  • Modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAAR) is a key mechanism for anxiolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the action of endogenous and exogenous GABAAR modulators for anxiolysis.
  • To explore innovative strategies for anxiety symptom alleviation, focusing on etifoxine.
  • To update the understanding of anxiolytic mechanisms of action.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available data on anxiolytics.
  • Focused search on GABAAR-acting anxiolytics and their pharmacological properties.
  • Analysis of studies comparing benzodiazepines and etifoxine (EFX).

Main Results:

  • Etifoxine (EFX), a translocator protein (TSPO) ligand, promotes endogenous neurosteroidogenesis.
  • EFX exhibits promising anxiolytic properties with limited side effects compared to benzodiazepines.
  • Neurosteroids are potent GABAAR modulators with significant anxiolytic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Novel therapeutic strategies for anxiety are emerging, particularly those involving neurosteroids.
  • TSPO ligands like etifoxine are highlighted as promising for well-tolerated anxiety relief.
  • Further research into neurosteroid-based anxiolytics is warranted.