Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.3K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.3K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

33.0K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
33.0K
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

41.7K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
41.7K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.8K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.8K
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

5.3K
Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
5.3K
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

8.7K
Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A collaborative academic vision for Hong Kong's medical device regulatory transformation.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026
Same author

Magnetic resonance imaging-based machine learning to detect mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease: abridged secondary publication.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2025
Same author

Correction: PPARγ is essential for protection against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Gene therapy·2025
Same author

Effects of liquid yeast cell wall on growth performance, intestinal development, immunity, and cecal Salmonella population of broilers.

Poultry science·2025
Same author

Quantitative risk of underlying disease conditions for progression from monoclonal gammopathy to multiple myeloma: a nationwide cohort study.

ESMO open·2025
Same author

Clinical features and outcomes of skull base osteoradionecrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rhinology·2025
Same journal

The ethical obligation to use positive trial results.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Lorlatinib: The Crown Jewel of ALK Inhibitors.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

TROP2-Directed Antibody Drug Conjugates: New First-Line Treatment for All Patients with Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer?

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

When artificial intelligence learns to abstain: towards clinically responsible diagnostic support in liver pathology.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

PRMT5 inhibitors in MTAP loss NSCLC with actionable genomic alterations: a new kid on the block?

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Refining decision making in hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer: moving from static to dynamic.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line
06:24

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line

Published on: April 11, 2025

940

Oncogenes expand during evolution to withstand somatic amplification.

X Wang1, X Li2, L Zhang1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Larger oncogenes evolve to resist amplification, while tumor suppressor genes become smaller. This study reveals how gene size influences cancer development and shapes the human genome through evolution.

More Related Videos

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

10.1K
Author Spotlight: FISH as a Tool for Precise Gene Amplification Assessment in Cancer Specimens
03:55

Author Spotlight: FISH as a Tool for Precise Gene Amplification Assessment in Cancer Specimens

Published on: July 12, 2024

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line
06:24

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line

Published on: April 11, 2025

940
Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

10.1K
Author Spotlight: FISH as a Tool for Precise Gene Amplification Assessment in Cancer Specimens
03:55

Author Spotlight: FISH as a Tool for Precise Gene Amplification Assessment in Cancer Specimens

Published on: July 12, 2024

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Cancer-related genes face significant evolutionary pressures.
  • Gene size may determine oncogene amplification and cancer susceptibility, potentially influenced by natural selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between oncogene size and amplification propensity.
  • To understand how evolutionary pressures have shaped cancer-related genes.

Main Methods:

  • Downloaded gene information (size, location) for protein-coding genes from Ensembl.
  • Quantified gene amplification using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data.

Main Results:

  • Oncogenes are significantly larger than non-cancer genes, with increased exon and intronic content.
  • This size difference is conserved across species and influenced by gene age.
  • Larger oncogenes showed less amplification, and tumor suppressor genes trended towards smaller sizes during evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Oncogenes expand in size, while tumor suppressor genes become smaller, as an evolutionary adaptation against somatic amplification.
  • Gene size plays a crucial, previously unappreciated role in oncogene amplification.
  • Cancer evolution has significantly shaped the configuration of the human genome.