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Damped Oscillations

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

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Mitochondrial dsRNA: A New DAMP for MDA5.

Andreas Linder¹, Veit Hornung²

¹Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany.

Developmental Cell

|September 12, 2018

Summary

Mitochondria act as signaling platforms in innate immunity. A new study reveals mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as an immunogenic ligand, expanding our understanding of mitochondrial roles in immune responses.

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Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Mitochondria are established signaling platforms in innate immunity.
The RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5 trigger signaling pathways involving mitochondria.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of mitochondria in innate immunity beyond their known signaling functions.
To identify novel immunogenic ligands originating from mitochondria.

Main Methods:

Analysis of cellular responses to mitochondrial components.
Identification of specific RNA species within mitochondria.

Main Results:

Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was identified as an immunogenic ligand.
This dsRNA can trigger innate immune signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

Mitochondria contribute to innate immunity not only as signaling platforms but also by releasing immunogenic ligands.
Mitochondrial dsRNA represents a novel factor in the innate immune response, linking mitochondrial integrity to immune activation.